منابع مشابه
Retinoic acid signaling is required during early chick limb development.
In the chick limb bud, the zone of polarizing activity controls limb patterning along the anteroposterior and proximodistal axes. Since retinoic acid can induce ectopic polarizing activity, we examined whether this molecule plays a role in the establishment of the endogenous zone of polarizing activity. Grafts of wing bud mesenchyme treated with physiologic doses of retinoic acid had weak polar...
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Hoxd genes are essential for limb growth and patterning. They are activated following a complex transcriptional regulation, leading to expression domains that are collinear in both space and time. To understand the mechanism(s) underlying collinearity, we produced and analyzed a set of mouse strains containing systematic deletions and duplications within the HoxD cluster. We show that two waves...
متن کاملWnt signalling during limb development.
Wnts control a number of processes during limb development--from initiating outgrowth and controlling patterning, to regulating cell differentiation in a number of tissues. Interactions of Wnt signalling pathway components with those of other signalling pathways have revealed new mechanisms of modulating Wnt signalling, which may explain how different responses to Wnt signalling are elicited in...
متن کاملEarly limb development of Xenopus laevis.
This investigation has used histological techniques and the scanning electron microscope to establish the presence of an apical ectodermal ridge in the developing limbs of Xenopus laevis. The ridge appeared at stage 50, reached its maximal size at stage 51, and subsequently disappeared by stage 53. The course of the ridge was consistently related to a marginal sinus in the underlying mesenchyme...
متن کاملFunctions of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cell signaling during development.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are cell-surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules that are composed of a core protein decorated with covalently linked glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. In vitro studies have demonstrated the roles of these molecules in many cellular functions, and recent in vivo studies have begun to clarify their essential functions in development. In particular, HSP...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology
سال: 1991
ISSN: 0915-7352,1883-2113
DOI: 10.4052/tigg.3.261